What are some of the components of psychological assessment? Do they necessarily include formal testing instruments?

Just need questions answered no introduction or conclusion 125 words each with a reliable soucre for each

1. What are some of the components of psychological assessment? Do they necessarily include formal testing instruments? 125 words and citation

2. What role did the American Psychological Association play in the evolution of psychology? Why were there significant differences of opinion between it and clinical psychology? 125 words and citation